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NAD+ is a coenzyme so vital life would shut down within seconds in its absence — but here’s the kicker. Natural Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide levels crash with age, and radically, too. They can plummet 50 percent or more by midlife.
Why does that matter? NAD+ is the coenzyme responsible for cell repair, energy metabolism, gene regulation, and over 500 other enzymatic reactions. The result of the “NAD+ exodus” happening in bodies everywhere? Lost muscle mass. Creeping fatigue. That cognitive edge, gone. They get labeled under “getting older,” but these symptoms of aging are what happens when the body starts to run low on NAD+.
What if restoring NAD+ levels also restored some of those functions? That’s where the science gets interesting. If the body starts to “lose power” with age, NAD+ — exciting early research now suggests — acts as a charger.
That? Worth investigating (NASA thinks so, too, by the way). Researchers looking into anti-aging, insulin sensitivity, cognitive sharpness, cardiovascular health, and DNA damage repair should ignore NAD+ at their peril. About to start your research? CellPeptides delivers research-grade NAD+ you can count on.
CellPeptides is a Swiss-based scientific and research company that manufactures pharma-grade peptides and coenzymes — by researchers, for researchers, and designed with precision. If you’re investigating NAD+ for longevity, metabolism, or cellular repair, you know your research will start on the right note with:
And if you have questions — about your order or about NAD+ research? CellPeptides has a customer support team full of people who’ll get them answered for you.
“How doesn’t it work?” would be just as interesting a question to tackle, because NAD+ is pretty crucial to everything anyone does and needs. It has two main jobs, but those jobs touch everything.
NAD+ transfers electrons in redox reactions essential for cellular respiration or, in plain English, it’s the delivery driver that gets the nutrients your cells ordered to the right place. Redox reactions simultaneously deliver electrons to one molecule while stripping them away from another, so it’s NADH when “charged” and NAD+ when “empty.” It goes around picking up electrons, delivering them to mitochondria to make energy (ATP), and then goes about the next round. Sounds simple, but nothing in the human body would work without it.
Its other job? Enzymes without which damage control and repair wouldn’t work also rely on NAD+. Those include sirtuins — enzymes that repair cells, fight inflammation, help the metabolism run well, and guide circadian rhythms — and PARPs. PARPs fix damaged DNA with massive amounts of NAD+.
It’s this job that most NAD+ research zooms in on, because it’s the one that holds the answers to many questions about aging.
British biochemists first isolated NAD+ in the early 1900s as they were researching sugar fermentation. It’s been studied ever since, which means over 100 years of research to read and learn from. And right now? Research is exploding — in more than one area. What’s even more exciting, it’s moved from animal models to human trials, with promising results in anti-aging, cell repair, and more.
This is the headline-grabber — because aging (eventually) impacts everyone. Studies in animal models have shown that boosting NAD+ levels can make aging mice live longer. Even more importantly, it can make them look and act younger, as expressed in improved muscle function, better endurance, and even hair regrowth.
That works — as we previously looked at — by activating sirtuins. Interestingly, decreased sirtuin activity caused by NAD+ deficiency actually induced a semi-hypoxic state. In other words, cells are deprived of the oxygen they need, which in turn degrades mitochondria. [1, 2]
The potential implications for human health aren’t merely fascinating, but downright exciting. No wonder most NAD+ research firmly focuses on longevity. Not just living longer, though. Living better for longer.
Energy metabolism, which can’t happen without NAD+, is the second main area of research. NADH/NAD+ balance is disturbed in conditions like type 2 diabetes and obesity, and restoring that balance may be able to improve insulin sensitivity. [3] Early research has looked into the potential that NAD+ supplementation can help prevent diabetic neuropathy [4], retinopathy [5], and cardiomyopathy [6].
If NAD+ can improve insulin sensitivity by repairing mitochondrial function and help the liver process fat better, does the coenzyme have potential for the treatment of obesity? Preliminary research suggests the answer is yes. [7]
Researchers have long linked neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s to mitochondrial dysfunction [8] — something studies have already demonstrated NAD+ restoration can help with. More recent research has also shown that NAD+ can slash oxidative cell death, however, and that? That makes NAD+ studies interesting far beyond neurodegenerative diseases. It opens the door to studies investigating the extent to which NAD+ may be able to build more resilient neurons [9] — and better brain health with age.
We could go on — and on. Because the field of NAD+ is endlessly fascinating, and there’s much more to be explored. We’ll leave you to do further reading on your own, however, because this page has to end somewhere (but the research does not!).
If you’re as excited about NAD+ research as we are, definitely spend some time with studies looking into its potential as a muscle performance and endurance booster [10], protector against cardiovascular damage [11], and oxidative stress fighter [12]. Research into blood pressure regulation is especially interesting!
NASA has funded studies into NAD+ precursors as a potential way to protect astronauts from space radiation. Obesity researchers are fascinated because science now shows that caloric restriction is life-extending because it boosts NAD+ and activates sirtuins.
You? You might consider studying NAD+ if you’re investigating:
Biohackers ask one question. Why wait to fight age-related decline when you can start young — and potentially reap the benefits later? Athletic researchers study NAD+ for its impact on recovery and performance. The research potential is wide open, and the existing body of research hints at future areas of study that are just as promising. Where will you take it?
Precise dosing is everything. Too little, and NAD+ will have no effect. Too much, and there’s a potential feedback inhibition to consider. Existing research has led to fairly established protocols. The starting dose for NAD+ is generally from 10 to 500 mg per dose. Some studies begin with lower doses of 5-10 mg to observe how the model responds, before gradually titrating upward.
As for frequency, daily dosing is standard for short-term metabolic or cognitive studies — seven to 14 days. Alternating days or weekly dosing of NAD+ is more commonly seen in longer-term longevity research.
NAD+ has a short half-life. Careful timing of doses is important. For metabolic studies, researchers should line NAD+ dosing up with circadian rhythms.
What does NAD+ do?
It plays part in so many processes that many researchers have stopped thinking about NAD+ purely as a coenzyme. NAD+ is necessary for energy metabolism, DNA repair (by way of PARP enzymes), and sirtuin activation. Without NAD+, cells literally shut down.
Can NAD+ be dosed daily?
Daily dosing can work for short-term studies in research models, but chronic NAD+ can lead to feedback inhibition, where the cells stop making as much NAD+ naturally. Pulsed studies can be designed to avoid this problem.
What are the symptoms of NAD+ deficiency?
In animal models, symptoms include chronic fatigue, weak muscles due to poor energy turnover, and brain fog — the same symptoms associated with aging, except they might not be inevitable.
Does NAD+ help with weight loss?
Maybe, but obesity research is still in its early stages. Rodent research shows that mice treated with NAD+ burn fat faster. Human trials have mostly examined NAD+ precursors so far.
What vitamins are beneficial alongside NAD+?
Consider niacin, which provides “raw materials” for NAD+, resveratrol for sirtuin activation, and magnesium (helps enzymes that depend on NAD+). Mega doses of B3 should be avoided.
Should NAD+ be taken at night or in the morning?
Mouse studies point to morning NAD+ doses for energy, because they sync with the natural metabolism. Strategic timing is reliant on existing circadian rhythms, however, so adjust to your model’s patterns.
Molecular Weight: | 663.43 g/mol |
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Molecular Formula: | C₂₁H₂₈N₇O₁₄P₂ |
CAS Number: | 53-84-9 |
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